A random-dot kinematogram. Dots on the object's surface ride along with it while background dots stay put, and the dot density is matched everywhere, so any single frame is featureless noise. The shape exists only in the motion.
Keys: Space freeze, R reveal, F full screen, N and P step through scenes.
p = D · a · cos θ · (f / z)²
A surface sample of area a at distance z, tilted θ from the view, covers that many screen pixels, so it is kept with probability p. That cancels foreshortening and perspective and leaves D dots per pixel everywhere.
Without this, grazing surfaces pack their dots densely and the outline shows in a still frame.